Chapter 1 Semiconductor Diodes
Semiconductor Development
Semiconductor Applications
Figure 1-1. Size Comparisons of Electron Tubes and Semiconductors
Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure -Cont.
Figure 1-3. Shell Designation
Energy Bands
Energy Bands -Cont.
Figure 1-6. Energy Level Diagrams
Covalent Bonding
Figure 1-8. Two-Dimensional View of a Silicon Cubic Lattice
Conduction Process
N-Type Semiconductor
P-Type Semiconductor
Figure 1-12. PN Junction Diode
Construction - TC-9-620022
Current Flow in the N-Type Material
Current Flow in the P-Type Material
Junction Barrier - TC-9-620025
Figure 1-18. Forward-Biased PN Junction
Figure 1-19. Reverse-Biased PN Junction
Half-Wave Rectifier
Figure 1-21. Simple Half-Wave Rectifier
Half-Wave Rectifier -Cont.
Figure 1-23. Different Types of Crystal and Metallic Rectifiers
Diode Switch
Table 1-1. Major Electrical Characteristics for Rectifier and Signal Diodes
Diode Identification
Figure 1-25. Semiconductor Identification System
Figure 1-27. Semiconductor Diode Color Code System
Diode Maintenance
Figure 1-28. Checking a Diode With an Ohmmeter
Summary - TC-9-620039
Summary -Cont. - TC-9-620040
Summary -Cont. - TC-9-620041
Summary -Cont. - TC-9-620042
Summary -Cont. - TC-9-620043
Summary -Cont. - TC-9-620044
Junction Barrier - TC-9-620045
Reverse Bias
PN Junction
Metallic Rectifier
Diode Markings
Testing a Diode
Chapter 1 Check on Learning Questions
Chapter 1 Check on Learning Questions -Cont.
Chapter 2 Transistors
Transistors Fundamentals
Classification
Construction - TC-9-620057
NPN Transistor Operation
Figure 2-6. NPN Transistor (Reverse Bias)
Figure 2-7. Forward-biased Junction in an NPN Transistor
Figure 2-9. NPN Junction Interaction Transistor Operation
NPN Transistor Operation -Cont.
PNP Transistor Operation - TC-9-620063
Figure 2-12. Reversed-biased Junction in a PNP Transistor
Figure 2-13. PNP Junction Interaction Transistor Operation
The Basic Transistor Amplifier
The Basic Transistor Amplifier -Cont.
Base-Current Bias (Fixed Bias)
Combination Bias
Amplifier Classes of Operation
Class A Amplifier Operation
Class C Amplifier Operation
Transistor Configurations
Common Emitter - TC-9-620074
Common Base
Common Collector -Cont. - TC-9-620076
Common Collector -Cont. - TC-9-620077
Table 2-1. Transistor Configuration Comparison Chart
Transistor Description
Transistor Maintenance
Transistor Lead Identification
Figure 2-20. Transistor Lead Identification
Testing Transistors With an Ohmmeter
Figure 2-22. Testing a Transistor's Leakage with an Ohmmeter
Microelectronics
Figure 2-23. Typical Printed Circuit Board
Figure 2-24. Typical ICB
Figure 2-25. Typical IC Packaging Sequence
Figure 2-26. Common IC Packaging Styles
Two Basic Types of Transistors
PNP Transistor Operation - TC-9-620091
Thrre Types of Bias
Saturation
Class C Amplifiers
Transistor Configuration
Common Collector Configuration
Transistor Characteristics
Testing A Transistor
Transistor Gain Test
Integrated Circuit Board
Chapter 2 Check on Learning Questions
Chapter 2 Check on Learning Questions -Cont.
Chapter 3 Special Devices
Figure 3-1. Effect of Bias on the Depletion Region of a PN Junction
Figure 3-2. Energy Diagram for Zener Diode
Figure 3-3. Avalanche Multiplication
The Tunnel Diode
Figure 3-6. Tunnel Diode Energy Diagram With No Bias
Figure 3-7. Tunnel Diode Energy Diagram With 50 Millivolts Bias
Varactor
Figure 3-12. PN Junction
Figure 3-15. Varactor Capacitance Versus Bias Voltage
Silicon Controlled Rectifier
Silicon Controlled Rectifier -Cont.
Figure 3-18. SCR Structure
Figure 3-20. SCR Characteristic Curve With Various Gate Signals
Figure 3-22. SCR Gate Control Signals
Triac
Figure 3-25. Comparison of SCR and Triac Circuits
Optoelectronic Devices - TC-9-620121
Figure 3-29. Seven-segment LED Display Examples
Figure 3-32. Phototransistor
Figure 3-33. Two-terminal and three-terminal Phototransistors
Figure 3-36. DC Blocking With a Coupling Capacitor
The Unijunction Transistor
Figure 3-38. Comparison of Conventional Transistor and UJT Circuits
Figure 3-41. UJT Biasing
Field-effect Transistors
Figure 3-44. Comparison of JFET, Transistor, and Vacuum Tube
Figure 3-46. Symbols and Bias Voltages for Transistors and JFET
Figure 3-48. JFET With Reverse Bias
Figure 3-49. JFET Input Impedance
Figure 3-50. JFET Symbols and Bias Voltages
Field-effect Transistors -Cont.
Figure 3-53. Construction of an N-channel MOSFET
Figure 3-54. Effects of Reverse-bias Voltage (MOSFET in Depletion Mode)
Figure 3-56. Induced Channel MOSFET Construction
Figure 3-58. MOSFET Shorting Spring
Summary - TC-9-620140
Tunnel Diode
Optoelectronic Devices - TC-9-620142
Mosfet
Chapter 3 Check on Learning Quetions
Chapter 3 Check on Learning Quetions -Cont.
Chapter 4 Solid State Power Supplies
The Basic Power Supply
The Power Transformer
Root Mean Square, Peak, and Average Values
Conventional Full-Wave Rectifier
Practical Full-Wave Rectifier
Figure 4-6. Practical Full-wave Rectifier
Figure 4-7. Peak and Average Values for a Full-wave Rectifier
Bridge Rectifier
Filters
Figure 4-10. Capacitor Filter
Figure 4-11. RC Time Constant
Figure 4-14. Inductive Filter (Collapsing Field)
Capacitor Filter
Figure 4-16. Half-wave Rectifier With and Without Filtering
Figure 4-18. Full-wave Rectifier (With Capacitor Filter)
Table 4-1. Calculating Half-wave Rectifier and Full-wave Rectifier
LC Choke-Input Filter
Figure 4-20. LC Choke-input Filter (Charge and Discharge Paths)
Figure 4-22. Filtering Action of the LC Choke-input Filter
LC Choke-Input Filter -Cont.
Figure 4-24. AC Component in an LC Choke-input Filter
Figure 4-26. DC Component in an LC Choke-input Filter
Figure 4-27. Full-wave Rectifier With an LC Choke-input Filter
Resistor-Capacitor Filters
Resistor-Capacitor Filters -Cont.
Inductance-Capacitor Capacitor-Input Filter
Inductance-Capacitor Capacitor-Input Filter -Cont.
Load Regulation
Series and Shunt Voltage Regulators
Figure 4-32. Principle of Series Voltage Regulator
Figure 4-33. Shunt Voltage Regulator (Determining Output Voltage Regulation)
Figure 4-34. Schematic of Series Voltage Regulator
Figure 4-36. Series Voltage Regulator (Input and Output Voltages)
Figure 4-38. Shunt Voltage Regulator (With Voltages)
Current Voltage Regulators
Figure 4-41. Current Voltage Regulator Circuit
Figure 4-42. Current Voltage Regulator (With Circuit Values)
Voltage Multipliers
Figure 4-46. Series-aiding Sources
Figure 4-47. Half-wave Voltage Tripler
Short Circuit Protection
Troubleshooting Power Supplies
Testing Electronic Equipment
Figure 4-51. Complete Power Supply (Without Regulator)
Transformer and Choke Troubles
Resistor Troubles
Power Supplies
Filter Circuits
PI-Type Filters
Shunt Regulators
Troubleshooting
Chapter 4 Check on Learning Questions
Chapter 4 Check on Learning Questions -Cont.
Chapter 5 Amplifiers
Uses of Amplification
Voltage Amplifiers and Power Amplifiers
Transistor Amplifiers
Figure 5-3. Simple Class A Transistor Amplifier
Figure 5-4. Simple Class B Transistor Amplifier
Figure 5-5. Simple Class AB Transistor Amplifier
Amplifier Coupling
Direct Coupling - TC-9-620208
RC Coupling
Impedance Coupling - TC-9-620210
Transformer Coupling
Impedance Considerations for Amplifiers
Figure 5-12. Effect of Impedance Matching in the Coupling of Two Circuits
Figure 5-13. Transistor Amplifier Configuration and Their Impedance Characteristics
Amplifier Feedback
Figure 5-15. Negative Feedback in an Amplifier
Positive Feedback
Figure 5-18. Positive Feedback in Two Stages of Transistor Amplification
Negative Feedback
Audio Amplifiers
Single Stage Audio Amplifiers
Figure 5-23. Class A, Common-source, RC-coupled, FET, Audio Amplifier
Phase Splitters
Push-Pull Amplifiers
Summary - TC-9-620225
Voltage Amplifier
Voltage Amplifier -Cont.
Direct Coupling - TC-9-620228
Impedance Coupling - TC-9-620229
Common Emitter - TC-9-620230
Feedback
Positive (Regenerative) Feedback
Push-pull Amplifier
Chapter 5 Check on Learning Questions
Chapter 5 Check on Learning Questions -Cont.
Chapter 6 Video and Radio Frequency Amplifiers
Amplifier Frequency Response
Bandwidth of an Amplifier
Bandwidth of an Amplifier -Cont.
Reading Amplifier Frequency Response Curves
Figure 6-3. Amplifiers Showing Reactive Elements and Reactance
Figure 6-4. Interelectrode Capacitance of a Transistor
Video Amplifiers - TC-9-620243
Series Peaking
Combination Peaking
Typical Video Amplifier Circuit
Radio Frequency Amplifiers
Figure 6-11. Semi-block Diagram of RF Amplifier
Figure 6-12. Parallel Variable Resistors (Ganged)
Table 6-1. Value Chart
RF Amplifier Coupling
Figure 6-15. Effect of Coupling on Frequency Response
Transformers in RF Amplifiers
Typical RF Amplifier Circuits
Figure 6-18. Typical RF Amplifier for AM Radio Receiver
Figure 6-19. Typical RF Amplifier for VHF Television Receiver
Video Amplifiers - TC-9-620257
Shunt Peaking
RAdio Frequency Amplifier
Neutralization
Chapter 6 Check on Learning Questions
Chapter 6 Check on Learning Questions -Cont.
Chapter 7 Special Amplifiers
Differential Amplifiers
Figure 7-1. Common Emitter and Common Base Amplifiers
Figure 7-2. Two-input, Single-output, Difference Amplifier
Figure 7-3. Input Signals 180o Out of Phase
The Two Input ,Single-Output, Difference Amplifier
Figure 7-4. Input Signals in Phase
The Two Input ,Single-Output, Difference Amplifier -Cont.
Figure 7-5. Input Signals 90o Out of Phase
Typical Differential Amplifier Circuit
Figure 7-7. Single-input, Single-output Differential Amplifier
Figure 7-8. Single-input, Differential-output Differential Amplifier
Operational Amplifiers
Block Diagram of An Operational Amplifier
Closed-Loop Operation of an Operational Amplifier
Inverting Configuration
Figure 7-13. Virtual Ground Circuits
Inverting Configuration -Cont. - TC-9-620281
Figure 7-14. Current Flow in the Operational Circuit
Inverting Configuration -Cont. - TC-9-620283
Noninverting Configuration
Noninverting Configuration -Cont.
Bandwidth Limitations
Figure 7-18. Closed-loop Frequency-response Curve for Gain of 10
Summing Amplifier (Adder)
Summing Amplifier (Adder) -Cont. - TC-9-620289
Figure 7-21. Five-input Adder
Summing Amplifier (Adder) -Cont. - TC-9-620291
Summing Amplifier (Adder) -Cont. - TC-9-620292
Difference Amplifier (Subtractor)
Figure 7-24. Subtractor Circuit
Difference Amplifier (Subtractor) -Cont. - TC-9-620295
Difference Amplifier (Subtractor) -Cont. - TC-9-620296
Figure 7-25. Difference Amplifier
Magnetic Amplifiers
Basic Operation of A Magnetic Amplifier
Basic Operation of A Magnetic Amplifier -Cont.
Methods of Changing Inductance
Figure 7-28. Magnetization and Permeability Curves
Saturable Core Reactor
Figure 7-31. Magnetization and Permeability Curves With Operating Point
Figure 7-32. Flux Paths in a Saturable-core Reactor
Figure 7-33. Three-legged, Saturable-core Reactor
Simplified Magnetic Amplifier Circuitry
Figure 7-35. Simple Half-wave Magnetic Amplifier
Figure 7-36. Simple Full-wave Magnetic Amplifier
Figure 7-37. Full-wave Magnetic Amplifier With Bias Winding
Summary - TC-9-620311
Differential Amplifier
Differential Amplifier -Cont.
Operational Amplifier
Scaling Amplifier
Ideal Operating Point
Ideal Operating Point -Cont.
Bias Winding
Chapter 7 Check on Learning Questions
Chapter 7 Check on Learning Questions -Cont.
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers - TC-9-620322
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620323
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620324
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620325
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620326
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620327
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620328
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620329
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620330
Appendix B Periodic Table of Elements
Appendix B Periodic Table of Elements -Cont. - TC-9-620333
Appendix B Periodic Table of Elements -Cont. - TC-9-620334
Appendix B Periodic Table of Elements -Cont. - TC-9-620335
Appendix B Periodic Table of Elements -Cont. - TC-9-620336
Glossary
Glossary -Cont.
Glossary -Cont. - TC-9-620340
Glossary -Cont. - TC-9-620341
Glossary -Cont. - TC-9-620342
Solid State Devices and Solid State Power Supplies and Amplifiers
Semiconductor Development
Semiconductor Applications
Figure 1-1. Size Comparisons of Electron Tubes and Semiconductors
Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure -Cont.
Figure 1-3. Shell Designation
Energy Bands
Energy Bands -Cont.
Figure 1-6. Energy Level Diagrams
Covalent Bonding
Figure 1-8. Two-Dimensional View of a Silicon Cubic Lattice
Conduction Process
N-Type Semiconductor
P-Type Semiconductor
Figure 1-12. PN Junction Diode
Construction - TC-9-620022
Current Flow in the N-Type Material
Current Flow in the P-Type Material
Junction Barrier - TC-9-620025
Figure 1-18. Forward-Biased PN Junction
Figure 1-19. Reverse-Biased PN Junction
Half-Wave Rectifier
Figure 1-21. Simple Half-Wave Rectifier
Half-Wave Rectifier -Cont.
Figure 1-23. Different Types of Crystal and Metallic Rectifiers
Diode Switch
Table 1-1. Major Electrical Characteristics for Rectifier and Signal Diodes
Diode Identification
Figure 1-25. Semiconductor Identification System
Figure 1-27. Semiconductor Diode Color Code System
Diode Maintenance
Figure 1-28. Checking a Diode With an Ohmmeter
Summary - TC-9-620039
Summary -Cont. - TC-9-620040
Summary -Cont. - TC-9-620041
Summary -Cont. - TC-9-620042
Summary -Cont. - TC-9-620043
Summary -Cont. - TC-9-620044
Junction Barrier - TC-9-620045
Reverse Bias
PN Junction
Metallic Rectifier
Diode Markings
Testing a Diode
Chapter 1 Check on Learning Questions
Chapter 1 Check on Learning Questions -Cont.
Chapter 2 Transistors
Transistors Fundamentals
Classification
Construction - TC-9-620057
NPN Transistor Operation
Figure 2-6. NPN Transistor (Reverse Bias)
Figure 2-7. Forward-biased Junction in an NPN Transistor
Figure 2-9. NPN Junction Interaction Transistor Operation
NPN Transistor Operation -Cont.
PNP Transistor Operation - TC-9-620063
Figure 2-12. Reversed-biased Junction in a PNP Transistor
Figure 2-13. PNP Junction Interaction Transistor Operation
The Basic Transistor Amplifier
The Basic Transistor Amplifier -Cont.
Base-Current Bias (Fixed Bias)
Combination Bias
Amplifier Classes of Operation
Class A Amplifier Operation
Class C Amplifier Operation
Transistor Configurations
Common Emitter - TC-9-620074
Common Base
Common Collector -Cont. - TC-9-620076
Common Collector -Cont. - TC-9-620077
Table 2-1. Transistor Configuration Comparison Chart
Transistor Description
Transistor Maintenance
Transistor Lead Identification
Figure 2-20. Transistor Lead Identification
Testing Transistors With an Ohmmeter
Figure 2-22. Testing a Transistor's Leakage with an Ohmmeter
Microelectronics
Figure 2-23. Typical Printed Circuit Board
Figure 2-24. Typical ICB
Figure 2-25. Typical IC Packaging Sequence
Figure 2-26. Common IC Packaging Styles
Two Basic Types of Transistors
PNP Transistor Operation - TC-9-620091
Thrre Types of Bias
Saturation
Class C Amplifiers
Transistor Configuration
Common Collector Configuration
Transistor Characteristics
Testing A Transistor
Transistor Gain Test
Integrated Circuit Board
Chapter 2 Check on Learning Questions
Chapter 2 Check on Learning Questions -Cont.
Chapter 3 Special Devices
Figure 3-1. Effect of Bias on the Depletion Region of a PN Junction
Figure 3-2. Energy Diagram for Zener Diode
Figure 3-3. Avalanche Multiplication
The Tunnel Diode
Figure 3-6. Tunnel Diode Energy Diagram With No Bias
Figure 3-7. Tunnel Diode Energy Diagram With 50 Millivolts Bias
Varactor
Figure 3-12. PN Junction
Figure 3-15. Varactor Capacitance Versus Bias Voltage
Silicon Controlled Rectifier
Silicon Controlled Rectifier -Cont.
Figure 3-18. SCR Structure
Figure 3-20. SCR Characteristic Curve With Various Gate Signals
Figure 3-22. SCR Gate Control Signals
Triac
Figure 3-25. Comparison of SCR and Triac Circuits
Optoelectronic Devices - TC-9-620121
Figure 3-29. Seven-segment LED Display Examples
Figure 3-32. Phototransistor
Figure 3-33. Two-terminal and three-terminal Phototransistors
Figure 3-36. DC Blocking With a Coupling Capacitor
The Unijunction Transistor
Figure 3-38. Comparison of Conventional Transistor and UJT Circuits
Figure 3-41. UJT Biasing
Field-effect Transistors
Figure 3-44. Comparison of JFET, Transistor, and Vacuum Tube
Figure 3-46. Symbols and Bias Voltages for Transistors and JFET
Figure 3-48. JFET With Reverse Bias
Figure 3-49. JFET Input Impedance
Figure 3-50. JFET Symbols and Bias Voltages
Field-effect Transistors -Cont.
Figure 3-53. Construction of an N-channel MOSFET
Figure 3-54. Effects of Reverse-bias Voltage (MOSFET in Depletion Mode)
Figure 3-56. Induced Channel MOSFET Construction
Figure 3-58. MOSFET Shorting Spring
Summary - TC-9-620140
Tunnel Diode
Optoelectronic Devices - TC-9-620142
Mosfet
Chapter 3 Check on Learning Quetions
Chapter 3 Check on Learning Quetions -Cont.
Chapter 4 Solid State Power Supplies
The Basic Power Supply
The Power Transformer
Root Mean Square, Peak, and Average Values
Conventional Full-Wave Rectifier
Practical Full-Wave Rectifier
Figure 4-6. Practical Full-wave Rectifier
Figure 4-7. Peak and Average Values for a Full-wave Rectifier
Bridge Rectifier
Filters
Figure 4-10. Capacitor Filter
Figure 4-11. RC Time Constant
Figure 4-14. Inductive Filter (Collapsing Field)
Capacitor Filter
Figure 4-16. Half-wave Rectifier With and Without Filtering
Figure 4-18. Full-wave Rectifier (With Capacitor Filter)
Table 4-1. Calculating Half-wave Rectifier and Full-wave Rectifier
LC Choke-Input Filter
Figure 4-20. LC Choke-input Filter (Charge and Discharge Paths)
Figure 4-22. Filtering Action of the LC Choke-input Filter
LC Choke-Input Filter -Cont.
Figure 4-24. AC Component in an LC Choke-input Filter
Figure 4-26. DC Component in an LC Choke-input Filter
Figure 4-27. Full-wave Rectifier With an LC Choke-input Filter
Resistor-Capacitor Filters
Resistor-Capacitor Filters -Cont.
Inductance-Capacitor Capacitor-Input Filter
Inductance-Capacitor Capacitor-Input Filter -Cont.
Load Regulation
Series and Shunt Voltage Regulators
Figure 4-32. Principle of Series Voltage Regulator
Figure 4-33. Shunt Voltage Regulator (Determining Output Voltage Regulation)
Figure 4-34. Schematic of Series Voltage Regulator
Figure 4-36. Series Voltage Regulator (Input and Output Voltages)
Figure 4-38. Shunt Voltage Regulator (With Voltages)
Current Voltage Regulators
Figure 4-41. Current Voltage Regulator Circuit
Figure 4-42. Current Voltage Regulator (With Circuit Values)
Voltage Multipliers
Figure 4-46. Series-aiding Sources
Figure 4-47. Half-wave Voltage Tripler
Short Circuit Protection
Troubleshooting Power Supplies
Testing Electronic Equipment
Figure 4-51. Complete Power Supply (Without Regulator)
Transformer and Choke Troubles
Resistor Troubles
Power Supplies
Filter Circuits
PI-Type Filters
Shunt Regulators
Troubleshooting
Chapter 4 Check on Learning Questions
Chapter 4 Check on Learning Questions -Cont.
Chapter 5 Amplifiers
Uses of Amplification
Voltage Amplifiers and Power Amplifiers
Transistor Amplifiers
Figure 5-3. Simple Class A Transistor Amplifier
Figure 5-4. Simple Class B Transistor Amplifier
Figure 5-5. Simple Class AB Transistor Amplifier
Amplifier Coupling
Direct Coupling - TC-9-620208
RC Coupling
Impedance Coupling - TC-9-620210
Transformer Coupling
Impedance Considerations for Amplifiers
Figure 5-12. Effect of Impedance Matching in the Coupling of Two Circuits
Figure 5-13. Transistor Amplifier Configuration and Their Impedance Characteristics
Amplifier Feedback
Figure 5-15. Negative Feedback in an Amplifier
Positive Feedback
Figure 5-18. Positive Feedback in Two Stages of Transistor Amplification
Negative Feedback
Audio Amplifiers
Single Stage Audio Amplifiers
Figure 5-23. Class A, Common-source, RC-coupled, FET, Audio Amplifier
Phase Splitters
Push-Pull Amplifiers
Summary - TC-9-620225
Voltage Amplifier
Voltage Amplifier -Cont.
Direct Coupling - TC-9-620228
Impedance Coupling - TC-9-620229
Common Emitter - TC-9-620230
Feedback
Positive (Regenerative) Feedback
Push-pull Amplifier
Chapter 5 Check on Learning Questions
Chapter 5 Check on Learning Questions -Cont.
Chapter 6 Video and Radio Frequency Amplifiers
Amplifier Frequency Response
Bandwidth of an Amplifier
Bandwidth of an Amplifier -Cont.
Reading Amplifier Frequency Response Curves
Figure 6-3. Amplifiers Showing Reactive Elements and Reactance
Figure 6-4. Interelectrode Capacitance of a Transistor
Video Amplifiers - TC-9-620243
Series Peaking
Combination Peaking
Typical Video Amplifier Circuit
Radio Frequency Amplifiers
Figure 6-11. Semi-block Diagram of RF Amplifier
Figure 6-12. Parallel Variable Resistors (Ganged)
Table 6-1. Value Chart
RF Amplifier Coupling
Figure 6-15. Effect of Coupling on Frequency Response
Transformers in RF Amplifiers
Typical RF Amplifier Circuits
Figure 6-18. Typical RF Amplifier for AM Radio Receiver
Figure 6-19. Typical RF Amplifier for VHF Television Receiver
Video Amplifiers - TC-9-620257
Shunt Peaking
RAdio Frequency Amplifier
Neutralization
Chapter 6 Check on Learning Questions
Chapter 6 Check on Learning Questions -Cont.
Chapter 7 Special Amplifiers
Differential Amplifiers
Figure 7-1. Common Emitter and Common Base Amplifiers
Figure 7-2. Two-input, Single-output, Difference Amplifier
Figure 7-3. Input Signals 180o Out of Phase
The Two Input ,Single-Output, Difference Amplifier
Figure 7-4. Input Signals in Phase
The Two Input ,Single-Output, Difference Amplifier -Cont.
Figure 7-5. Input Signals 90o Out of Phase
Typical Differential Amplifier Circuit
Figure 7-7. Single-input, Single-output Differential Amplifier
Figure 7-8. Single-input, Differential-output Differential Amplifier
Operational Amplifiers
Block Diagram of An Operational Amplifier
Closed-Loop Operation of an Operational Amplifier
Inverting Configuration
Figure 7-13. Virtual Ground Circuits
Inverting Configuration -Cont. - TC-9-620281
Figure 7-14. Current Flow in the Operational Circuit
Inverting Configuration -Cont. - TC-9-620283
Noninverting Configuration
Noninverting Configuration -Cont.
Bandwidth Limitations
Figure 7-18. Closed-loop Frequency-response Curve for Gain of 10
Summing Amplifier (Adder)
Summing Amplifier (Adder) -Cont. - TC-9-620289
Figure 7-21. Five-input Adder
Summing Amplifier (Adder) -Cont. - TC-9-620291
Summing Amplifier (Adder) -Cont. - TC-9-620292
Difference Amplifier (Subtractor)
Figure 7-24. Subtractor Circuit
Difference Amplifier (Subtractor) -Cont. - TC-9-620295
Difference Amplifier (Subtractor) -Cont. - TC-9-620296
Figure 7-25. Difference Amplifier
Magnetic Amplifiers
Basic Operation of A Magnetic Amplifier
Basic Operation of A Magnetic Amplifier -Cont.
Methods of Changing Inductance
Figure 7-28. Magnetization and Permeability Curves
Saturable Core Reactor
Figure 7-31. Magnetization and Permeability Curves With Operating Point
Figure 7-32. Flux Paths in a Saturable-core Reactor
Figure 7-33. Three-legged, Saturable-core Reactor
Simplified Magnetic Amplifier Circuitry
Figure 7-35. Simple Half-wave Magnetic Amplifier
Figure 7-36. Simple Full-wave Magnetic Amplifier
Figure 7-37. Full-wave Magnetic Amplifier With Bias Winding
Summary - TC-9-620311
Differential Amplifier
Differential Amplifier -Cont.
Operational Amplifier
Scaling Amplifier
Ideal Operating Point
Ideal Operating Point -Cont.
Bias Winding
Chapter 7 Check on Learning Questions
Chapter 7 Check on Learning Questions -Cont.
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers - TC-9-620322
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620323
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620324
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620325
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620326
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620327
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620328
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620329
Appendix A Check-on-Learning Answers -Cont. - TC-9-620330
Appendix B Periodic Table of Elements
Appendix B Periodic Table of Elements -Cont. - TC-9-620333
Appendix B Periodic Table of Elements -Cont. - TC-9-620334
Appendix B Periodic Table of Elements -Cont. - TC-9-620335
Appendix B Periodic Table of Elements -Cont. - TC-9-620336
Glossary
Glossary -Cont.
Glossary -Cont. - TC-9-620340
Glossary -Cont. - TC-9-620341
Glossary -Cont. - TC-9-620342
Solid State Devices and Solid State Power Supplies and Amplifiers
