c. Brick Bond. Bond is an arrangement of
masonry and is laid in mortar to a specified type of
built-up bricks or other units laid so that their
pattern consistent with the type of stone available in
overlapping thoroughly ties the units together. This
military construction.
In theater of operations
is not to be confused with the term "bond" as applied
construction, stone masonry is normally used only in
to a bonding material, such as mortar.
The
foundation walls, retaining walls, piers, and drainage
specifications or notes in the plans will specify the
structures. In the building of military structures,
type of bond required. There are many types of brick
stone as a building unit is seldom used unless other
bonds. A few typical bonds are shown in figure 2-24.
materials are difficult to obtain.
The type bond generally used in military construction
is the common bond (1, fig 2-24). Details on
2-17. MASONRY CONSTRUCTION
masonry construction can be found in TM 5-742,
DRAWINGS
Concrete and Masonry.
The most common use of masonry is in wall
d. Hollow Clay Tiles. Hollow clay tiles are
construction.
units of burned clay constructed with hollow cores
and laid in cement mortar. Their use may be
a. Types of Masonry Walls. The principal
indicated in the plans or the specifications for the
types of masonry walls are bearing, curtain, veneer,
construction of partitions, furring, and outside walls
and hollow walls.
faced either with stucco or brick tied to the tile by
headers or metal ties. Plans of small military
(1) Bearing walls. A bearing wall is one
buildings of hollow clay will normally show the
that supports a vertical load other than its own
exterior walls to be tile without brick facing. Some
weight; its thickness is regulated by its height. The
common types and sizes of hollow clay tiles with
minimum thickness of a brick bearing wall for a
which you should become familiar are illustrated in
dwelling is 8 inches; for buildings such as
figure 2-25.
warehouses, which carry heavy loads, the minimum
thickness is 12 inches.
e. Concrete Blocks and Tiles and Cinder
Blocks. Concrete blocks and tiles are solid or hollow
(2) Curtain walls. A curtain wall is a
molded units of portland cement and fine aggregates
masonry wall enclosing a framework of steel or
and are laid in cement mortar. Cinder blocks are
reinforced concrete; it is not a bearing wall. The
lightweight units of cinders with portland cement and
curtain wall may support its own weight or may be
sand made to the same forms and dimensions as
supported at intervals on the frame of a building. The
concrete blocks. These masonry units usually are
minimum thickness of a brick curtain wall is 8
made in standard sizes of various thicknesses, with
inches.
the most common being 8 x 8 x 16-inch nominal size.
The nominal size allows for the mortar joint. Note
(3) Veneer. Veneer implies a masonry
the typical concrete masonry units shown in figure 2-
facing over an exterior bearing wall. The veneer is
26. Concrete blocks and tiles and cinder blocks are
not self-supporting and is fastened to the frame of the
used for walls, partitions, and foundations and can be
building with metal clips spaced at specified
used for low retaining walls. The required types of
intervals. Some examples of masonry veneer are
blocks or tiles and their designated use in
stone on a wood frame, brick on a wood frame, or
construction are given in notes or specifications; the
brick on cement tile.
units themselves are not shown in the plans.
(4) Hollow walls. Buildings with masonry
f. Stone. When used as found in the field or
walls are occasionally constructed with parallel walls
quarry, stone is called rubble. When cut and shaped
separated by an air-space. Hollow wall or cavity
into fairly regular forms, it is called squared stone or
construction permits plaster to be placed directly on
ashlar. When cut into rectangular blocks, it is known
the interior wall without first building a backing-out
as cut stone. Stone masonry is composed of either
from the-wall.
solid stone or stone backed with other types of
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