Alkyd resins.
Alkyd resins are a blend of alkyl and acid used for protective-coating
materials.
Binder. A binder is something (a resin, drying oil; latex emulsion; film former; vehicle) that
produces or promotes cohesion of loosely assembled substances.
Drier. A drier is a chemical that promotes oxidation or drying of paint.
Drying oil. A drying oil (linseed oil) is an oil that changes readily to a hard, tough elastic
substance when the oil is exposed as a thin film to air.
Nonvolatile. A nonvolatile is the solid, nonevaporating portion of a paint that is left after the
solvent evaporates.
Pigment. A pigment is the powdered or paste substance that is mixed with a liquid in which
it is relatively insoluble and used especially to impart color to coating materials (paints), inks,
plastics, or rubber. It is the solid coloring agent that is dissolved in the vehicle.
Polymerization. Polymerization is the chemical reaction in which small molecules combine
to form large molecules.
Resin. Resin is a material, natural or synthetic, that is contained in varnishes, lacquers, and
paints. Solids are the film-former.
Solids. Solids are the part of a solution or suspension that has the qualities of solids when
they are freed from the solvent or suspending medium. Solids are the nonvolatile portion of
paints.
Solvent. A solvent is a liquid in which another substance is dissolved.
Vehicle. A vehicle is any of various media acting as a solvent, a carrier, or a binder for
active ingredients or pigments. Anything dissolved in the media portion of paint is a part of
the vehicle.
Volatile. A volatile fluid is a substance that evaporates rapidly at relatively low
temperatures.
2-2. Protective-Coating Composition. To select the best protective coating for a given surface, it is
important that you understand the composition of coatings. All coatings--whether used for corrosion
protection, to provide good aesthetics or a pleasing appearance, or for any other purpose-will contain a
film-forming material. This material may be organic or inorganic and after it has been applied, it may
form a hard, impervious film, a soft porous film, or combinations in between. The film-forming
material may be clear (unpigmented) or filled with a variety of different pigments, depending on its
function. When the film-forming material (resin) contains pigments, it is called a binder. The binder
will hold the pigment particles together and hold them to the surface they have coated. When the binder
(resin plus pigment) is dissolved in a solvent to make a liquid, the
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