ANSWER TO REVIEW QUESTION 3
Plumbing fixtures are represented by pictorial or block symbols. (para 3-6, b)
ANSWER TO REVIEW QUESTION 4
A standard detail is referenced by a standard detail symbol which is number and letter within a circle. (para
3-7)
Section III. Sewerage Systems
concrete pipe is manufactured with or without steel
3-9.
DEFINITION
reinforcing.
a. A sewerage system is a system of pipes and
associated apparatus which carry sewage from
b. Cast or Wrought-Iron Pipe. Bell-and-
buildings to the point of discharge or disposal. A
spigot type cast or wrought-iron pipe with leaded
sewerage system includes the sewer pipe or conduits,
joints, in sizes of 4 inches to 48 inches, can be used
manholes, flush tanks and, in some cases, storm-drain
to make a self-supporting sewer line where relatively
inlets. In small or medium size systems which are
short sections of soft ground are encountered in the
not served by a processing plant, the system may also
installation trench. In this situation the pipe is laid on
include facilities for pumping, treatment, and final
cross-trench saddles of concrete or creosoted timbers.
disposition of sewage.
c. "Cast-In-Place" Concrete Conduit. This
b. Sewerage systems may be either combined
type of conduit is frequently used where sizes greater
systems or separate systems. In a combined system
than 60-inch diameter pipes are needed for increased
the conduits carry storm water as well as domestic
capacity in main, trunk, or outfall sewers. These
and industrial wastes. In a separate system, the
types of drains are not circular in section but are of
sanitary sewerage system carries the domestic and
several arched designs or box-section culvert
industrial wastes and a separate storm sewerage
reinforced-concrete construction.
system carries storm water run-off. Because storm
water requires little or no treatment before disposal,
d. Wood Stave Pipe. Machine-banded wood
the separate system greatly reduces the load on
stave pipe with iron joint ends and bands is
treatment facilities.
sometimes used in sizes of 4 inches to 24 inches
where vitrified-clay, concrete, or cast-iron pipe is in
short supply. Continuous stave pipe, built up and
banded in the field, can be made in sizes of 16 inches
3-10. PIPES AND FITTINGS
to 16 feet.
The pipes and fittings for the construction of
sewerage systems are well standardized by sanitary
e. Vitrified-Clay and Cast Iron Pipe
codes and general usage. Most generally used pipes
The bell-and-spigot type of joint is
Fittings.
and fittings are descried as follows:
generally used for sewer system construction. Figure
3-12 illustrates this type of joint. Joints in cast iron
pipe are usually sealed with a hot-pour jointing
a. Vitrified-Clay Tile or Concrete Sewer
Pipe. Pipe sizes of 4 inches to 36 inches in diameter
compound over oakum packing. Cement mortar is
are generally used for sewer system construction.
used for joint sealing of clay sewer pipe.
Vitrified-clay tile is highly resistant to all sewage and
industrial wastes and acids. Cast, spun, or vibrated
f. Conventional Symbols. When house or
concrete pipe in sizes of 12 inches to 108 inches in
building connections are shown on sewerage plans,
diameter can frequently be made available. Such
the conventions used are the same
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