(2) No. 2 common. No. 2 common is
to tables 1-1 and 1-2. Note that both a nominal and
less restricted in quality than No. 1 but of the same
an actual size is given for each item in both tables.
general quality. It is used for framing, sheathing, and
The nominal size represents the dimensions of the
other structural forms where the stress or strain is not
rough lumber, but the actual size is smaller due to the
excessive.
smoothing or "dressing" of the sides and/or edges.
During this surfacing process, from 1/4 to 3/4 inch,
(3) No. 3 common. No. 3 common
depending on the size of the lumber, is removed from
permit some waste with prevailing grade
the edges and sides. Abbreviations are sometimes
characteristics larger than in No. 2. It is used for
used to show how many sides or edges have been
such rough work as footings, guardrails, and rough
surfaced.
flooring.
c. The following tabulation explains the
(4) No. 4 common. No. 4 common
abbreviations commonly used to indicate the amount
permits waste and is of low quality, admitting the
of surfacing lumber has received.
coarsest features, such as decay and holes. It is used
for sheathing, subfloors, and roof boards in the
S & E .......... side and edge
cheaper types of construction, but the most important
S1E ............. surfaced one edge
industrial outlet is for boxes and crates.
S1S1E ......... surfaced one side and one
c. TO construction grades. Most of the
edge
softwood lumber purchased by the Army for TO
construction is common stock, Nos. 1 or 2.
S1S2E ......... surfaced one side and two
edges
1-17. LENGTHS AND DRESSING
S2E ............. surfaced two edges
a. Standard lengths of lumber range from
8 to 20 feet by 2-foot increments.
S4S ............. surfaced four sides
b. For a list of standard thickness and
widths of lumber useful for military construction turn
1-18. BOARD MEASURE
a. The unit of measurement of lumber is the board foot. By definition a board foot is the volume of a
board 1 inch thick, 1 foot wide, and 1 foot long. BF, bf, BFM, bfm are all commonly employed abbreviations for
board foot. M in front of the abbreviation stands for 1000 board feet. Thus, 4 MBF would indicate 4000 board feet.
b. From the definition above the following formulas are derived:
c. Table 1-3 gives the content in board feet of common sizes and lengths of lumber used in TO
construction.
1-20. NAILS
1-19. METHODS OF FASTENING
General. The standard nail used by the Army
Wood fasteners used in the theater of operations
carpenter is the wire nail, so called because it is made
are made of metal. These may be classified as nails,
from steel wire. There are many types of nails, all of
screws, bolts, driftpins, corrugated fasteners, and
which are classified
timber connectors.
1-19
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